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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u4e5f\u57281973-1974\u5e74\u7684\u5168\u7403\u77f3\u6cb9\u5371\u673a\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5728\u5883\u5185\u6d77\u57df\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u77f3\u6cb9\u3002\u4e0e\u72ec\u7acb\u521d\u671f\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u7531\u56fd\u5185\u534e\u88d4\u8d44\u672c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u5df2\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u201c\u5934\u5bb6\u653f\u515a\u201d\u9a6c\u534e\u4eca\u540e\u7684\u53d1\u8a00\u6743\u4e5f\u6301\u7eed\u51cf\u5f31\u3002\u5deb\u7edf\u5bf9\u5176\u76df\u53cb\u7684\u652f\u914d\u5730\u4f4d\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u4ece1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u77f3\u6cb9\u5f00\u91c7\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u4f7f\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f97\u4ee5\u8d8b\u5411\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e13\u5236\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1985\u5e74\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9677\u5165\u4f4e\u8c37\uff0c\u9996\u76f8\u9a6c\u54c8\u8fea\u548c\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u957f\u8fbe\u56e0\u901a\u8fc7\u653e\u5bbd\u65b0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u8ba9\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u56fd\u5916\u76f4\u63a5\u6295\u8d44\u548c\u56fd\u5185\u6295\u8d44\u52a0\u5165\u3002\u8fd9\u5927\u80c6\u7684\u4e3e\u52a8\u6709\u6548\u8fc5\u901f\u626d\u8f6c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u5230\u4e861988\u5e74\uff0c\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u957f\u3002\u5bf9\u6211\u56fd\u6765\u8bf4\u6700\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u968f\u8457\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u300a\u5e7f\u573a\u534f\u8bae\u300b\uff0c\u65e5\u5143\u88ab\u8feb\u5347\u503c\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4ee5\u53ca\u540e\u6765\u7684\u53f0\u6e7e\u548c\u97e9\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u6539\u4e3a\u8fc1\u5f80\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u65e7\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u79e9\u5e8f\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u892a\u8272\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u57281985\u5e74\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8870\u9000\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u9a6c\u54c8\u8fea\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u7684\u56fd\u9635\u4e8e1982\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u6536\u7f16\u5b89\u534e\u52a0\u5165\u5deb\u7edf\uff0c\u501f\u6b64\u5438\u7eb3\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u65e5\u76ca\u58ee\u5927\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u53ca\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u8bae\u7a0b\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u5728\u91ce\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u515a\u9677\u5165\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u4f0a\u515a\u91c7\u53d6\u66f4\u5f3a\u786c\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u9053\u5fb7\u5236\u9ad8\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u8272\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u8272\u5f69\u66f4\u91cd\u7684\u8bae\u7a0b\u4ee5\u81ea\u6211\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u5deb\u7edf\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u9020\u6210\u975e\u9a6c\u6765\u4eba\u548c\u4e2d\u5eb8\u9a6c\u6765\u4eba\u66f4\u52a0\u758f\u79bb\u4f0a\u515a\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u6c11\u4e3b\u884c\u52a8\u515a\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u53e6\u4e00\u80a1\u975e\u9a6c\u6765\u5728\u91ce\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u6c11\u65cf\u65f6\u4ee3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2020\u5e74\u5b8f\u613f\u2014\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u6c11\u65cf(Bangsa Malaysia)\u65f6\u4ee3\uff081991-2005\uff09\u4ee5\u591a\u5143\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\uff0c\u5deb\u7edf\u6210\u4e3a\u5360\u636e\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u76df\u30022020\u5e74\u5b8f\u613f\u548c\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u613f\u666f\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u88ab\u91c7\u7eb3\u2014\u2014\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u9a6c\u54c8\u8fea\u88ab\u5c40\u52bf\u6240\u903c\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u672c\u80fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8981\u653f\u6cbb\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u91ce\u9635\u8425\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u8054\u76df\u9762\u5bf91990\u5e74\u5927\u9009\uff0c\u9a6c\u54c8\u8fea\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u4e89\u53d6\u975e\u9a6c\u6765\u9009\u6c11\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u66f4\u591a\u9a6c\u6765\u9009\u6c11\u80cc\u5f03\u4ed6\u4e0e\u65b0\u5deb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1997\u5e74\u7684\u4e9a\u6d32\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u548c1998\u5e74\u5b89\u534e\u88ab\u9769\u804c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e25\u91cd\u635f\u5bb3\u4e86\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u5728\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ba9\u9a6c\u54c8\u8fea\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u8499\u4e0a\u4e86\u9634\u5f71\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u518d\u6b21\u53d8\u5f97\u5185\u5411\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5b66\u8005\u4f69\u5e73\u65af\u57fa\uff08Thomas Pepinsky\uff09\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u9a6c\u54c8\u8fea\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u4ece\u56fd\u9645\u64a4\u9000\u4f46\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u53d1\u8d77\u8fdb\u653b\u201d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u88ab\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u9a6c\u6765\u9009\u6c11\u553e\u5f03\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f9d\u7136\u51ed\u8457\u201c2020\u5b8f\u613f-\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u6c11\u65cf\u201d\u4e89\u53d6\u5230\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u975e\u9a6c\u6765\u9009\u6c11\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8d62\u5f971999\u5e74\u5927\u9009\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u5931\u843d\u7684\u4e16\u4ee3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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Model\uff09\u5c06\u8bdd\u8bed\u5e26\u56de\u4e2d\u95f4\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5fae\u8c03\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u6765\u81ea\u571f\u6743\u7b49\u53f3\u7ffc\u56e2\u4f53\u548c\u5deb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u963b\u529b\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7acb\u5373\u6d45\u5c1d\u8f84\u6b62\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7eb3\u5409\u81ea\u5df1\u9677\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c8\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d2a\u6c61\u4e11\u95fb\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4eba\u5c3d\u7686\u77e5\u7684\u4e00\u9a6c\u5f0a\u6848\uff0c\u4ed6\u8f6c\u800c\u91c7\u53d6\u66f4\u4e13\u5236\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u6765\u963b\u6b62\u515a\u5185\u548c\u5728\u91ce\u515a\u7684\u5f02\u8bae\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4efb\u5185\u6269\u5927\u7531\u516c\u5e11\u8d44\u52a9\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u9488\u5bf9B40\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u63f4\u52a9\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6d41\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u5374\u63a8\u51fa\u5f15\u8d77\u6781\u5927\u53cd\u5f39\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7a0e\uff08GST\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u975e\u6cd5\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u515a\u3001\u8054\u76df\u7ade\u9009\u673a\u5668\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u519b\u56e2\u4ee5\u8d62\u53d6\u9009\u7968\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u521b\u9020\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u5148\u9a71<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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Deal\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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