{"id":23509,"date":"2025-08-18T09:09:41","date_gmt":"2025-08-18T01:09:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/liewchintong.com\/?p=23509"},"modified":"2025-08-18T09:57:48","modified_gmt":"2025-08-18T01:57:48","slug":"%e5%91%8a%e5%88%ab%e6%96%87%e5%8c%96%e6%88%98%e4%ba%89%e5%85%b1%e5%bb%ba%e9%a9%ac%e6%9d%a5%e8%a5%bf%e4%ba%9a%e6%b0%91%e6%97%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/liewchintong.com\/zh-hans\/2025\/08\/18\/%e5%91%8a%e5%88%ab%e6%96%87%e5%8c%96%e6%88%98%e4%ba%89%e5%85%b1%e5%bb%ba%e9%a9%ac%e6%9d%a5%e8%a5%bf%e4%ba%9a%e6%b0%91%e6%97%8f\/","title":{"rendered":"\u544a\u522b\u6587\u5316\u6218\u4e89\uff0c\u5171\u5efa\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u6c11\u65cf"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5230\u582a\u57f9\u62c9\u6fb3\u6d32\u56fd\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u5347\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u508d\u665a\uff0c\u6211\u51fa\u5e2d\u5df2\u6545\u6590\u6d4e\u5370\u88d4\u5b66\u8005\u62c9\u5c14\u6559\u6388\uff08Professor Brij Lal, 1952-2021\uff09\u7684\u8bb2\u8bfe\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u5e2d\u8bdd\u8ba9\u6211\u6df1\u601d\u8bb8\u4e45\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u82f1\u56fd\u4e8e1874\u5e74\u8d77\u6b96\u6c11\u6590\u6d4e\uff0c\u6070\u5de7\u4e0e\u300a\u90a6\u54af\u6761\u7ea6\u300b\u540c\u5e74\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u5546\u4eba\u5927\u91cf\u5f15\u5165\u5370\u88d4\u5951\u7ea6\u52b3\u5de5\u3002\u52b3\u5de5\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u70bc\u72f1\u822c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u8d4e\u8eab\u540e\u9010\u6e10\u5efa\u7acb\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u6865\u6881\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u7b49\u3002\u6590\u6d4e\u6f14\u53d8\u6210\u7531\u539f\u4f4f\u6590\u6d4e\u4eba\u548c\u571f\u751f\u571f\u957f\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u88d4\u793e\u533a\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u65cf\u7fa4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u51b2\u7a81\u8d2f\u7a7f\u6590\u6d4e\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u53d1\u751f\u6d41\u8840\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2001\u5e74\u90a3\u4e2a\u508d\u665a\u7684\u8bfe\u8ba9\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u6590\u6d4e\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6590\u6d4e\u4eba\u4e0e\u5370\u88d4\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4e0e\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u7684\u9a6c\u6765\u4eba\u4e0e\u534e\u88d4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2003\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u56fd\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u4e3e\u529e\u8bba\u575b\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u3001\u65af\u91cc\u5170\u5361\u548c\u6590\u6d4e\u4e09\u4e2a\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u524d\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u3002\u963f\u90fd\u62c9\u66fc\u6559\u6388\uff08Emeritus Professor Dato\u2019 Dr Abdul Rahman Embong\uff09\u4ee5\u8bba\u575b\u5185\u5bb9\u7f16\u8f91\u9898\u4e3a\u300a<em>Rethinking Ethnicity and Nation-Building: Malaysia, Sri Lanka and Fiji in Comparative Perspective<\/em>\u300b\uff082007\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u662f\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u4e0a\u8ff0\u540e\u6b96\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u590d\u6742\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u544a\u522b\u6b96\u6c11\u9057\u7eea\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u65af\u91cc\u5170\u5361\u548c\u6590\u6d4e\u90fd\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u60e8\u70c8\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u65af\u91cc\u5170\u5361\u751a\u81f3\u7206\u53d1\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u6de1\u7c73\u5c14\u4e4b\u864e\uff08LTTE\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5185\u6218\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u56fd\u5728\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd1\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u7ef4\u6301\u548c\u5e73\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff1a\u4e00\u30011945\u5e748\u670815\u65e5\u65e5\u672c\u6295\u964d\uff0c\u52309\u67083\u65e5\u82f1\u56fd\u91cd\u8fd4\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u6062\u590d\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u7a7a\u7a97\u671f\uff0c\u9a6c\u6765\u4e9a\u4eba\u6c11\u6297\u65e5\u519b\uff08MPAJA\uff09\u5728\u534a\u5c9b\u8ffd\u6740\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u65e5\u519b\u5171\u8c0b\uff1b\u4e8c\u30011948\u5e74\u81f31960\u5e74\u7d27\u6025\u72b6\u6001\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u519b\u8b66\u4e0e\u9a6c\u5171\u7684\u6218\u4e89\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca1969\u5e74\u7684513\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u591a\u5143\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u529b\u91cf<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8005\u83b1\u5e15\u7279\uff08Arend Lijphart\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u591a\u5143\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u534f\u4f5c\u7406\u8bba\u201c\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u201d\uff08consociationalism\uff09\u591a\u6b21\u63d0\u53ca\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\uff0c\u970d\u7f57\u7ef4\u8328\uff08Donald Horowitz\uff09\u7684\u300a<em>Ethnic Groups in Conflict<\/em>\u300b\uff081985\uff09\u4ea6\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u970d\u7f57\u7ef4\u8328\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u529b\u91cf\u6db5\u76d6\u5404\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u662f\u591a\u5143\u793e\u4f1a\u534f\u4f5c\u7684\u5178\u4f8b\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u4e8e1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u51fa\u7248\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u529b\u91cf\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u56fd\u9635\u3002\u5f53\u591a\u5143\u65cf\u7fa4\u4e2d\u5fc3\u529b\u91cf\u591f\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u8fb9\u7f18\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211\u5b66\u5230\u4e24\u70b9\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u65f6\u5173\u6ce8\u9a6c\u6765\u4eba\u548c\u975e\u9a6c\u6765\u4eba\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u3001\u53d9\u4e8b\u4e0e\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u5e76\u627e\u5230\u5171\u540c\u70b9\u3001\u786e\u4fdd\u591a\u5143\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u529b\u91cf\u4e0d\u574d\u584c\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba9\u8fb9\u7f18\u52bf\u529b\u4e3b\u5bfc\u8bae\u7a0b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9a6c\u6765\u548c\u975e\u9a6c\u6765\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u5206\u5b50\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u627e\u5f97\u5230\u65e0\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u6311\u8d77\u4e89\u7aef\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1995\u5e74\u5927\u9009\u662f\u56fd\u9635\u7684\u5dc5\u5cf0\uff0c2020\u5b8f\u613f\u548c\u201c\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u6c11\u65cf\u201d\uff08Bangsa Malaysia\uff09\u6982\u5ff5\u8d62\u5f97\u5404\u65cf\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u56fd\u9635\u53d6\u5f97\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u768465%\u9009\u7968\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c1999\u5e74\u5927\u9009\uff0c\u8fc7\u534a\u7684\u9a6c\u6765\u9009\u6c11\u56e0\u4e0d\u6ee1\u6566\u9a6c\u54c8\u8fea\u902e\u6355\u3001\u6bb4\u6253\u5e76\u76d1\u7981\u5176\u524d\u526f\u624b\u5b89\u534e\uff0c\u800c\u53cd\u5bf9\u56fd\u9635\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6566\u9a6c\u4e0b\u53f0\u540e\uff0c\u65b0\u9996\u76f8\u963f\u90fd\u62c9\u5df4\u8fbe\u5a01\u7684\u201c\u65b0\u6c14\u8c61\u201d\u8ba9\u56fd\u9635\u57282004\u5e74\u5927\u9009\u62ff\u4e0b\u9ad8\u8fbe64%\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff1b\u4e5f\u662f\u56fd\u9635\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u8d62\u5f97\u8de8\u65cf\u7fa4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u9664\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u534f\u5546\uff0c\u65e7\u79e9\u5e8f\u8fd8\u4f9d\u9760\u300a\u5185\u5b89\u6cd5\u4ee4\u300b\u7b49\u5a01\u6743\u624b\u6bb5\u7ef4\u6301\u653f\u6743\u3002\u300a\u5185\u5b89\u6cd5\u4ee4\u300b\u5141\u8bb8\u672a\u7ecf\u5ba1\u8baf\u7684\u62d8\u7559\uff0c\u6267\u653f\u515a\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u9488\u5bf9\u5728\u91ce\u515a\u9886\u8896\u548c\u793e\u8fd0\u5206\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2004\u5e74\u5927\u9009\u4ee5\u540e\u768420\u5e74\u89c1\u8bc1\u4e86\u65e7\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u7f13\u6162\u5d29\u89e3\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f2018\u5e74\u5927\u9009\u56fd\u9635\u5931\u53bb\u653f\u6743\uff0c\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u7ed3\u675f\u4e00\u515a\u5236\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2005\u5e74\u81f32018\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u529b\u91cf\u9010\u6e10\u74e6\u89e3\uff0c\u56fd\u9635\u4e0d\u518d\u4ee5\u4e89\u53d6\u5168\u6c11\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u9a6c\u6765\u9009\u7968\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6587\u5316\u6218\u4e89<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u670b\u53cb\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\uff0c2000\u5e74\u4ee3\u751a\u81f32010\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7231\u56fd\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u56e2\u7ed3\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e72\u8bad\u5c40\uff08BTN\uff09\u5f3a\u5236\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u53c2\u52a0\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec\u4e3a\u4f55\u5b89\u534e\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u4efb\u76f8\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6807\u7b7e\u884c\u52a8\u515a\u548c\u975e\u9a6c\u6765\u4eba\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u53db\u5f92\u3001\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u3002\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5e38\u5c061511\u5e74\u9a6c\u516d\u7532\u6ca6\u9677\u4e8e\u8461\u8404\u7259\uff0c\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u975e\u9a6c\u6765\u5546\u4eba\u7684\u80cc\u53db\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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